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ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) common text format for computers, each character and letter is represented by 7-bit binary code
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UTF-8 (Unicode Transformation Format - 8) almost like a extension to ASCII, UTF-8 represents characters, letters in 8-bit binary code
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RTF (Rich text format), a text format used by different word processors. It allows for formatting, use of different font styles and images
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SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language) used to store structured text in a reasonable extensible way
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XML (Extensible Markup Language), simpler version of SGML. It is used mainly for web based applications
